Aquatic Therapy

Why Water Works

Aquatic therapy uses the unique properties of water—buoyancy, resistance, and warmth—to make exercise easier and more comfortable for people with chronic pain. Water supports body weight, reduces joint stress, and allows movement that might be too painful on land. It's one of the most recommended exercise forms for chronic pain conditions.¹

Properties of Water²

Buoyancy

Reduces body weight by up to 90%
Less stress on joints
Allows movement without pain
Supports weakened muscles

Resistance

Natural resistance for strengthening
Adjustable by speed of movement
Works muscles in all directions

Warmth

Warm water relaxes muscles
Reduces pain and stiffness
Improves circulation
Therapeutic pools typically 84-94°F

Conditions That Benefit³

Arthritis (osteo and rheumatoid)
Fibromyalgia
Chronic back pain
Joint replacements
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Obesity-related pain
Balance problems
Post-surgical recovery

Types of Aquatic Exercise

Aquatic Physical Therapy

One-on-one with therapist
Targeted to your condition
Often covered by insurance

Water Aerobics Classes

Group exercise in pool
Arthritis-specific classes available
Social and fun

Swimming

Good cardiovascular exercise
Freestyle and backstroke often best
May need technique modifications

Water Walking

Simple and effective
Walk in chest-deep water
Good starting point

Getting Started

Ask about therapeutic pools
Check local YMCAs, community centers
Arthritis Foundation aquatic programs
Hospital-based pools
Start slowly

Tips for Success

Warm pool temperature important
Use ramp or steps (not ladder)
Water shoes for grip
Stay hydrated (you still sweat)
Listen to your body
Consistency matters

Considerations

Some have chlorine sensitivity
Hot tubs may worsen some conditions
Infection precautions with wounds
Transportation to pool needed

References

Barker AL, Talevski J, Morello RT, et al. Effectiveness of aquatic exercise for musculoskeletal conditions: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(9):1776-1786.
Becker BE. Aquatic therapy: scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications. PM R. 2009;1(9):859-872.
Batterham SI, Heywood S, Keating JL. Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing land and aquatic exercise for people with hip or knee arthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(8):1287-1295.