Probiotics

What Are Probiotics?

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer health benefits. They support a healthy gut microbiome, which influences many body systems including immune function and potentially pain.¹

Gut-Brain Connection²

• Gut communicates with brain bidirectionally
• Gut bacteria produce neurotransmitters
• Influence inflammation and immune function
• May affect pain perception
• Emerging area of research

Potential Benefits for Pain

• Reduce systemic inflammation
• Help IBS symptoms
• May improve mood (depression, anxiety)
• Support immune function
• Research ongoing for fibromyalgia, RA

Common Probiotic Strains³

• Lactobacillus - L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus
• Bifidobacterium - B. longum, B. lactis
• Saccharomyces boulardii - Beneficial yeast
• Different strains have different effects

Food Sources

• Yogurt (with live cultures)
• Kefir
• Sauerkraut (unpasteurized)
• Kimchi
• Kombucha
• Miso

Choosing a Supplement

• Look for specific strain names
• CFU count (billion colony-forming units)
• Third-party testing
• Proper storage
• Match strain to intended benefit

References

1. Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11(8):506-514.
2. Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(10):701-712.
3. Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547-1561.