Myofascial Pain Syndrome

What Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by sensitive points in muscles called trigger points. These trigger points can cause pain in seemingly unrelated parts of the body (referred pain). MPS is distinct from fibromyalgia, though they can coexist.¹

Trigger Points²

Taut bands in muscle
Tender spots that refer pain elsewhere
Active trigger points cause spontaneous pain
Latent trigger points hurt only when pressed
Can cause muscle weakness and stiffness

Symptoms

Deep, aching muscle pain
Pain that persists or worsens
Knots in muscles
Pain in unexpected locations (referred)
Difficulty sleeping
Muscle stiffness

Common Locations

Neck and shoulders
Upper back
Lower back
Jaw muscles
Hip and buttock muscles

Causes

Muscle overuse or injury
Repetitive motions
Poor posture
Stress and tension
Inactivity
Other pain conditions

Treatment³

Physical Approaches

Trigger point release (manual)
Stretch and spray technique
Massage therapy
Dry needling
Physical therapy
Stretching exercises

Injections

Trigger point injections
Local anesthetic
Sometimes corticosteroids

Self-Care

Heat application
Self-massage tools (balls, foam rollers)
Stretching
Posture improvement
Stress management

References

Gerwin RD. Classification, epidemiology, and natural history of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5(5):412-420.
Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Williams & Wilkins; 1983.
Desai MJ, Saini V, Saini S. Myofascial pain syndrome: a treatment review. Pain Ther. 2013;2(1):21-36.