Sjögren's Syndrome

What Is Sjögren's Syndrome?

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease where immune cells attack moisture-producing glands. The hallmark symptoms are dry eyes and dry mouth, but it also causes fatigue, joint pain, and can affect multiple organ systems.¹

Types

• Primary - Occurs alone
• Secondary - With another autoimmune disease (RA, lupus)

Symptoms²

Classic (Sicca)

• Dry eyes (burning, gritty)
• Dry mouth (difficulty swallowing, dental problems)

Systemic

• Fatigue (often profound)
• Joint pain
• Skin rashes
• Dry skin
• Muscle pain
• Brain fog

Diagnosis

• Clinical symptoms
• Blood tests (SSA/SSB antibodies, ANA)
• Eye tests (Schirmer test)
• Sometimes lip biopsy

Treatment³

For Dryness

• Artificial tears
• Saliva substitutes
• Prescription eye drops (cyclosporine)
• Pilocarpine or cevimeline

For Systemic Symptoms

• Hydroxychloroquine
• NSAIDs for joint pain
• Immunosuppressants if needed

Self-Management

• Stay hydrated
• Use humidifiers
• Avoid dry environments
• Good dental hygiene essential
• Protect eyes from wind

References

1. Mariette X, Criswell LA. Primary Sjögren's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(10):931-939.
2. Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R, et al. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):35-45.
3. Vivino FB, Carsons SE, Foulks G, et al. New treatment guidelines for Sjögren's disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(3):531-551.